SanteMusiqueV1, Main, Exploration, bibRecord, 000F72

Non-pharmacological interventions for agitation in dementia: systematic review of randomised controlled trials.

Identifieur interne : 000F72 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000F71; suivant : 000F73

Non-pharmacological interventions for agitation in dementia: systematic review of randomised controlled trials.

Auteurs : Gill Livingston [Royaume-Uni] ; Lynsey Kelly [Royaume-Uni] ; Elanor Lewis-Holmes [Royaume-Uni] ; Gianluca Baio [Royaume-Uni] ; Stephen Morris [Royaume-Uni] ; Nishma Patel [Royaume-Uni] ; Rumana Z. Omar [Royaume-Uni] ; Cornelius Katona [Royaume-Uni] ; Claudia Cooper [Royaume-Uni]

Source :

The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science [ 1472-1465 ] ; 2014.

RBID : pubmed:25452601

Descripteurs français

KwdFr :
- Agitation psychomotrice (psychologie), Agitation psychomotrice (thérapie), Agitation psychomotrice (étiologie), Compétence clinique (MeSH), Démence (complications), Démence (psychologie), Essais contrôlés randomisés comme sujet (MeSH), Humains (MeSH), Musicothérapie (méthodes), Pratique factuelle (MeSH), Soins centrés sur le patient (méthodes), Soins centrés sur le patient (organisation et administration), Symptômes comportementaux (psychologie), Symptômes comportementaux (thérapie), Symptômes comportementaux (étiologie), Thérapie socio-environnementale (méthodes).
MESH :
- méthodes : Musicothérapie, Soins centrés sur le patient, Thérapie socio-environnementale.
- organisation et administration : Soins centrés sur le patient.
- psychologie : Agitation psychomotrice, Démence, Symptômes comportementaux.
- thérapie : Agitation psychomotrice, Symptômes comportementaux.
- étiologie : Agitation psychomotrice, Symptômes comportementaux.
- complications : Compétence clinique, Démence, Essais contrôlés randomisés comme sujet, Humains, Pratique factuelle.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Behavioral Symptoms (etiology), Behavioral Symptoms (psychology), Behavioral Symptoms (therapy), Clinical Competence (MeSH), Dementia (complications), Dementia (psychology), Evidence-Based Practice (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Music Therapy (methods), Patient-Centered Care (methods), Patient-Centered Care (organization & administration), Psychomotor Agitation (etiology), Psychomotor Agitation (psychology), Psychomotor Agitation (therapy), Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic (MeSH), Socioenvironmental Therapy (methods).
MESH :
- complications : Dementia.
- etiology : Behavioral Symptoms, Psychomotor Agitation.
- methods : Music Therapy, Patient-Centered Care, Socioenvironmental Therapy.
- organization & administration : Patient-Centered Care.
- psychology : Behavioral Symptoms, Dementia, Psychomotor Agitation.
- therapy : Behavioral Symptoms, Psychomotor Agitation.
- Clinical Competence, Evidence-Based Practice, Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Agitation in dementia is common, persistent and distressing and can lead to care breakdown. Medication is often ineffective and harmful.

AIMS

To systematically review randomised controlled trial evidence regarding non-pharmacological interventions. Method We reviewed 33 studies fitting predetermined criteria, assessed their validity and calculated standardised effect sizes (SES).

RESULTS

Person-centred care, communication skills training and adapted dementia care mapping decreased symptomatic and severe agitation in care homes immediately (SES range 0.3-1.8) and for up to 6 months afterwards (SES range 0.2-2.2). Activities and music therapy by protocol (SES range 0.5-0.6) decreased overall agitation and sensory intervention decreased clinically significant agitation immediately. Aromatherapy and light therapy did not demonstrate efficacy.

CONCLUSIONS

There are evidence-based strategies for care homes. Future interventions should focus on consistent and long-term implementation through staff training. Further research is needed for people living in their own homes.

DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.113.141119
PubMed: 25452601

Affiliations:

Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)

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Le document en format XML

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<author><name sortKey="Omar, Rumana Z" sort="Omar, Rumana Z" uniqKey="Omar R" first="Rumana Z" last="Omar">Rumana Z. Omar</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Katona, Cornelius" sort="Katona, Cornelius" uniqKey="Katona C" first="Cornelius" last="Katona">Cornelius Katona</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Gill Livingston, MD, Lynsey Kelly, BSc, Elanor Lewis-Holmes, BSc, Unit of Mental Health Sciences, Gianluca Baio, PhD, Departments of Statistical Science and PRIMENT Clinical Trials Unit, Stephen Morris, PhD, Nishma Patel, MSc, Department of Applied Health Research, Rumana Z. Omar, PhD, Departments of Statistical Science and PRIMENT Clinical Trials Unit, Cornelius Katona, MD, Claudia Cooper, PhD, Unit of Mental Health Sciences, University College London, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Cooper, Claudia" sort="Cooper, Claudia" uniqKey="Cooper C" first="Claudia" last="Cooper">Claudia Cooper</name>
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<series><title level="j">The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1472-1465</idno>
<imprint><date when="2014" type="published">2014</date>
</imprint>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Behavioral Symptoms (etiology)</term>
<term>Behavioral Symptoms (psychology)</term>
<term>Behavioral Symptoms (therapy)</term>
<term>Clinical Competence (MeSH)</term>
<term>Dementia (complications)</term>
<term>Dementia (psychology)</term>
<term>Evidence-Based Practice (MeSH)</term>
<term>Humans (MeSH)</term>
<term>Music Therapy (methods)</term>
<term>Patient-Centered Care (methods)</term>
<term>Patient-Centered Care (organization & administration)</term>
<term>Psychomotor Agitation (etiology)</term>
<term>Psychomotor Agitation (psychology)</term>
<term>Psychomotor Agitation (therapy)</term>
<term>Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic (MeSH)</term>
<term>Socioenvironmental Therapy (methods)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Agitation psychomotrice (psychologie)</term>
<term>Agitation psychomotrice (thérapie)</term>
<term>Agitation psychomotrice (étiologie)</term>
<term>Compétence clinique (MeSH)</term>
<term>Démence (complications)</term>
<term>Démence (psychologie)</term>
<term>Essais contrôlés randomisés comme sujet (MeSH)</term>
<term>Humains (MeSH)</term>
<term>Musicothérapie (méthodes)</term>
<term>Pratique factuelle (MeSH)</term>
<term>Soins centrés sur le patient (méthodes)</term>
<term>Soins centrés sur le patient (organisation et administration)</term>
<term>Symptômes comportementaux (psychologie)</term>
<term>Symptômes comportementaux (thérapie)</term>
<term>Symptômes comportementaux (étiologie)</term>
<term>Thérapie socio-environnementale (méthodes)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="complications" xml:lang="en"><term>Dementia</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="etiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Behavioral Symptoms</term>
<term>Psychomotor Agitation</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Music Therapy</term>
<term>Patient-Centered Care</term>
<term>Socioenvironmental Therapy</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="méthodes" xml:lang="fr"><term>Musicothérapie</term>
<term>Soins centrés sur le patient</term>
<term>Thérapie socio-environnementale</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="organisation et administration" xml:lang="fr"><term>Soins centrés sur le patient</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="organization & administration" xml:lang="en"><term>Patient-Centered Care</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="psychologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Agitation psychomotrice</term>
<term>Démence</term>
<term>Symptômes comportementaux</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="psychology" xml:lang="en"><term>Behavioral Symptoms</term>
<term>Dementia</term>
<term>Psychomotor Agitation</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Behavioral Symptoms</term>
<term>Psychomotor Agitation</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="thérapie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Agitation psychomotrice</term>
<term>Symptômes comportementaux</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="étiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Agitation psychomotrice</term>
<term>Symptômes comportementaux</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Clinical Competence</term>
<term>Evidence-Based Practice</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="complications" xml:lang="fr"><term>Compétence clinique</term>
<term>Démence</term>
<term>Essais contrôlés randomisés comme sujet</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Pratique factuelle</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b>
</p>
<p>Agitation in dementia is common, persistent and distressing and can lead to care breakdown. Medication is often ineffective and harmful.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>AIMS</b>
</p>
<p>To systematically review randomised controlled trial evidence regarding non-pharmacological interventions. Method We reviewed 33 studies fitting predetermined criteria, assessed their validity and calculated standardised effect sizes (SES).</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b>
</p>
<p>Person-centred care, communication skills training and adapted dementia care mapping decreased symptomatic and severe agitation in care homes immediately (SES range 0.3-1.8) and for up to 6 months afterwards (SES range 0.2-2.2). Activities and music therapy by protocol (SES range 0.5-0.6) decreased overall agitation and sensory intervention decreased clinically significant agitation immediately. Aromatherapy and light therapy did not demonstrate efficacy.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>
</p>
<p>There are evidence-based strategies for care homes. Future interventions should focus on consistent and long-term implementation through staff training. Further research is needed for people living in their own homes.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
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<DateCompleted><Year>2015</Year>
<Month>07</Month>
<Day>29</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised><Year>2021</Year>
<Month>01</Month>
<Day>09</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1472-1465</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>205</Volume>
<Issue>6</Issue>
<PubDate><Year>2014</Year>
<Month>Dec</Month>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>Br J Psychiatry</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Non-pharmacological interventions for agitation in dementia: systematic review of randomised controlled trials.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination><MedlinePgn>436-42</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1192/bjp.bp.113.141119</ELocationID>
<Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Agitation in dementia is common, persistent and distressing and can lead to care breakdown. Medication is often ineffective and harmful.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="AIMS" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">To systematically review randomised controlled trial evidence regarding non-pharmacological interventions. Method We reviewed 33 studies fitting predetermined criteria, assessed their validity and calculated standardised effect sizes (SES).</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">Person-centred care, communication skills training and adapted dementia care mapping decreased symptomatic and severe agitation in care homes immediately (SES range 0.3-1.8) and for up to 6 months afterwards (SES range 0.2-2.2). Activities and music therapy by protocol (SES range 0.5-0.6) decreased overall agitation and sensory intervention decreased clinically significant agitation immediately. Aromatherapy and light therapy did not demonstrate efficacy.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">There are evidence-based strategies for care homes. Future interventions should focus on consistent and long-term implementation through staff training. Further research is needed for people living in their own homes.</AbstractText>
<CopyrightInformation>Royal College of Psychiatrists.</CopyrightInformation>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Livingston</LastName>
<ForeName>Gill</ForeName>
<Initials>G</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Gill Livingston, MD, Lynsey Kelly, BSc, Elanor Lewis-Holmes, BSc, Unit of Mental Health Sciences, Gianluca Baio, PhD, Departments of Statistical Science and PRIMENT Clinical Trials Unit, Stephen Morris, PhD, Nishma Patel, MSc, Department of Applied Health Research, Rumana Z. Omar, PhD, Departments of Statistical Science and PRIMENT Clinical Trials Unit, Cornelius Katona, MD, Claudia Cooper, PhD, Unit of Mental Health Sciences, University College London, UK.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kelly</LastName>
<ForeName>Lynsey</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Gill Livingston, MD, Lynsey Kelly, BSc, Elanor Lewis-Holmes, BSc, Unit of Mental Health Sciences, Gianluca Baio, PhD, Departments of Statistical Science and PRIMENT Clinical Trials Unit, Stephen Morris, PhD, Nishma Patel, MSc, Department of Applied Health Research, Rumana Z. Omar, PhD, Departments of Statistical Science and PRIMENT Clinical Trials Unit, Cornelius Katona, MD, Claudia Cooper, PhD, Unit of Mental Health Sciences, University College London, UK.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lewis-Holmes</LastName>
<ForeName>Elanor</ForeName>
<Initials>E</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Gill Livingston, MD, Lynsey Kelly, BSc, Elanor Lewis-Holmes, BSc, Unit of Mental Health Sciences, Gianluca Baio, PhD, Departments of Statistical Science and PRIMENT Clinical Trials Unit, Stephen Morris, PhD, Nishma Patel, MSc, Department of Applied Health Research, Rumana Z. Omar, PhD, Departments of Statistical Science and PRIMENT Clinical Trials Unit, Cornelius Katona, MD, Claudia Cooper, PhD, Unit of Mental Health Sciences, University College London, UK.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Baio</LastName>
<ForeName>Gianluca</ForeName>
<Initials>G</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Gill Livingston, MD, Lynsey Kelly, BSc, Elanor Lewis-Holmes, BSc, Unit of Mental Health Sciences, Gianluca Baio, PhD, Departments of Statistical Science and PRIMENT Clinical Trials Unit, Stephen Morris, PhD, Nishma Patel, MSc, Department of Applied Health Research, Rumana Z. Omar, PhD, Departments of Statistical Science and PRIMENT Clinical Trials Unit, Cornelius Katona, MD, Claudia Cooper, PhD, Unit of Mental Health Sciences, University College London, UK.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Morris</LastName>
<ForeName>Stephen</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Gill Livingston, MD, Lynsey Kelly, BSc, Elanor Lewis-Holmes, BSc, Unit of Mental Health Sciences, Gianluca Baio, PhD, Departments of Statistical Science and PRIMENT Clinical Trials Unit, Stephen Morris, PhD, Nishma Patel, MSc, Department of Applied Health Research, Rumana Z. Omar, PhD, Departments of Statistical Science and PRIMENT Clinical Trials Unit, Cornelius Katona, MD, Claudia Cooper, PhD, Unit of Mental Health Sciences, University College London, UK.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Patel</LastName>
<ForeName>Nishma</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Gill Livingston, MD, Lynsey Kelly, BSc, Elanor Lewis-Holmes, BSc, Unit of Mental Health Sciences, Gianluca Baio, PhD, Departments of Statistical Science and PRIMENT Clinical Trials Unit, Stephen Morris, PhD, Nishma Patel, MSc, Department of Applied Health Research, Rumana Z. Omar, PhD, Departments of Statistical Science and PRIMENT Clinical Trials Unit, Cornelius Katona, MD, Claudia Cooper, PhD, Unit of Mental Health Sciences, University College London, UK.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Omar</LastName>
<ForeName>Rumana Z</ForeName>
<Initials>RZ</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Gill Livingston, MD, Lynsey Kelly, BSc, Elanor Lewis-Holmes, BSc, Unit of Mental Health Sciences, Gianluca Baio, PhD, Departments of Statistical Science and PRIMENT Clinical Trials Unit, Stephen Morris, PhD, Nishma Patel, MSc, Department of Applied Health Research, Rumana Z. Omar, PhD, Departments of Statistical Science and PRIMENT Clinical Trials Unit, Cornelius Katona, MD, Claudia Cooper, PhD, Unit of Mental Health Sciences, University College London, UK.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Katona</LastName>
<ForeName>Cornelius</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Gill Livingston, MD, Lynsey Kelly, BSc, Elanor Lewis-Holmes, BSc, Unit of Mental Health Sciences, Gianluca Baio, PhD, Departments of Statistical Science and PRIMENT Clinical Trials Unit, Stephen Morris, PhD, Nishma Patel, MSc, Department of Applied Health Research, Rumana Z. Omar, PhD, Departments of Statistical Science and PRIMENT Clinical Trials Unit, Cornelius Katona, MD, Claudia Cooper, PhD, Unit of Mental Health Sciences, University College London, UK.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cooper</LastName>
<ForeName>Claudia</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Gill Livingston, MD, Lynsey Kelly, BSc, Elanor Lewis-Holmes, BSc, Unit of Mental Health Sciences, Gianluca Baio, PhD, Departments of Statistical Science and PRIMENT Clinical Trials Unit, Stephen Morris, PhD, Nishma Patel, MSc, Department of Applied Health Research, Rumana Z. Omar, PhD, Departments of Statistical Science and PRIMENT Clinical Trials Unit, Cornelius Katona, MD, Claudia Cooper, PhD, Unit of Mental Health Sciences, University College London, UK.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>10/43/01</GrantID>
<Acronym>DH_</Acronym>
<Agency>Department of Health</Agency>
<Country>United Kingdom</Country>
</Grant>
</GrantList>
<PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
<PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType>
<PublicationType UI="D016454">Review</PublicationType>
<PublicationType UI="D000078182">Systematic Review</PublicationType>
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</Article>
<MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country>
<MedlineTA>Br J Psychiatry</MedlineTA>
<NlmUniqueID>0342367</NlmUniqueID>
<ISSNLinking>0007-1250</ISSNLinking>
</MedlineJournalInfo>
<CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset>
<CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentIn"><RefSource>Evid Based Nurs. 2016 Jan;19(1):31</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">25990080</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentIn"><RefSource>Ann Intern Med. 2015 Jun 16;162(12):JC3</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">26075780</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
</CommentsCorrectionsList>
<MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001526" MajorTopicYN="N">Behavioral Symptoms</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000209" MajorTopicYN="N">etiology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000523" MajorTopicYN="N">psychology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000628" MajorTopicYN="N">therapy</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002983" MajorTopicYN="N">Clinical Competence</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003704" MajorTopicYN="Y">Dementia</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000150" MajorTopicYN="N">complications</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000523" MajorTopicYN="N">psychology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D055317" MajorTopicYN="N">Evidence-Based Practice</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009147" MajorTopicYN="N">Music Therapy</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="Y">methods</QualifierName>
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<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018802" MajorTopicYN="N">Patient-Centered Care</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="N">methods</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000458" MajorTopicYN="N">organization & administration</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011595" MajorTopicYN="Y">Psychomotor Agitation</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000209" MajorTopicYN="N">etiology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000523" MajorTopicYN="N">psychology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000628" MajorTopicYN="N">therapy</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016032" MajorTopicYN="N">Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012960" MajorTopicYN="N">Socioenvironmental Therapy</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="Y">methods</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
</MeshHeadingList>
</MedlineCitation>
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<affiliations><list><country><li>Royaume-Uni</li>
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<name sortKey="Baio, Gianluca" sort="Baio, Gianluca" uniqKey="Baio G" first="Gianluca" last="Baio">Gianluca Baio</name>
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<name sortKey="Kelly, Lynsey" sort="Kelly, Lynsey" uniqKey="Kelly L" first="Lynsey" last="Kelly">Lynsey Kelly</name>
<name sortKey="Lewis Holmes, Elanor" sort="Lewis Holmes, Elanor" uniqKey="Lewis Holmes E" first="Elanor" last="Lewis-Holmes">Elanor Lewis-Holmes</name>
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Non-pharmacological interventions for agitation in dementia: systematic review of randomised controlled trials.

Non-pharmacological interventions for agitation in dementia: systematic review of randomised controlled trials.

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